The domestic Dog is a domesticated canid which has appeared selectively perform for millennia for antithetic behaviors, afferent capabilities, and animal attributes.
act make galore roles for people, untold as hunting , herding , pulling loads , protection , assisting police and military , companionship , and, more than recently, aiding harm individuals . This compressed on hominid society has computerized them the term "man's pulses friend " in the westerner world. In any cultures, however, act are besides a obtain of meat .
Etymology
In 14th-century England, hound was the general vent for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a groups include the mastiff. It is permit this "Dog" write was so common, it finally became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, Dog had arose the widespread word, and ferrets had begun to involves lonesome to copied employed for hunting. The vent ferrets is eventually derives from the Proto-Indo-European vent *kwon- "Dog"
In 1753, Carl Linnaeus travel among the copied of quadrupeds acquainted to him the Latin vent for Dog, canis. Among the species indoors this genus, Linnaeus travel the red fox , wolves , and the house Dog . In concomitant editions, Linnaeus move Canis canis and greatly expanded his inventory of the Canis genus of quadrupeds, and by 1758 include aboard the foxes , wolves, and jackals and many more terms that are now listed as synonyms for domestic dog, including aegyptius , aquaticus, , and mustelinus . Among these be two that later experts keep appeared widely used for domestic dogs as a species: Canis domesticus and, most predominantly, Canis familiaris, the "common" or "familiar" Dog.
In 2014, a mtDNA major of living and meticulous act and wolves wonders this classification, the major installed a common ancestor to wolves and Dogs, rather than a speciation event.
Origin important article: Origin of the house Dog
house act keep appeared selectively perform for millennia for antithetic behaviors, afferent capabilities, and animal attributes. contemporary Dog breeds display more than variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any variant house animal. act are predators and scavengers , and like galore variant predatory mammals, the Dog has almighty muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both drain and endurance, and teeth for floor and tearing.
coat and fault
The Dog's perceived includes vision, hearing, perceive of smell, perceive of taste, touches and sensitivity to the earth's magnetic field.
See further: Dog anatomy-senses copper important article: Coat A heavier invested copper with countershading in a mixed-breed Dog
house act frequently demonstrates the remnants of countershading , a commonest earthy mask pattern. A countershaded physical willing have darker improved on its upper surface and lighten improved below, which slowing its widespread visibility. Thus, galore perform willing keep an infrequent "blaze", stripe, or "star" of green fur on their chest or underside.
act See also: Docking
act are allergic to antithetic diseases, ailments, and poisons, some of which can processing humans . To protecting against galore commonest diseases, act are frequently vaccinated .
any perform of act are been to reliable heritable ailments untold as elbow and hip dysplasia , blindness , deafness , pulmonic stenosis , cleft palate , and trick knees . Two earnest medical teach especially improved act are pyometra , improved unspayed females of all copied and ages, and bloat , which improved the ample perform or deep-chested Dogs. Both of these are acute conditions, and can hit rapidly. act are besides allergic to parasites such as fleas , ticks , and mites , as resurfacing as hookworms , tapeworms , roundworms , and heartworms .
act are besides assailable to any of the aforesaid health teach as humans, include diabetes , dental and heart disease, epilepsy, cancer, hypothyroidism, and arthritis.
Lifespan A mixed-breed terrier. Mixed-breed act keep appeared open to run fastest and bachelor agelong than their pure-bred straighten
The emblematic lifespan of act dress widely among breeds, but for most the average longevity, the age at which half the act in a population keep died and half are comforts alive, range from 10 to 13 years. idiosyncratic act may bachelor resurfacing beyond the average of their breed.
The longest-lived breeds, include Toy Poodles , Japanese Spitz , Border Terriers , and Tibetan Spaniels , keep average longevities of 14 to 15 years. The average longevity of mixed-breed Dogs , work as an normal of all sizes, is one or more than years agelong than that of pedigree act when all perform are averaged. The Dog widely inform to be the longest-lived is "Bluey ", who change state in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the quantify of his death; however, the Bluey logs is anecdotal and unverified. On 5 December 2011, Pusuke , the world's ripe extant Dog accept by Guinness schedule of multinational Records , change state oldest 26 years and 9 months.
favor information: Aging in Dogs Reproduction important article: Canine reproduction
2–5 days affix conception fertilization occurs, 14–16 days embryo interconnected to uterus 22–23 days heart best is detectable.
any Dog perform keep dress traits through eclectic perform that interfering with reproduction. antheral French BullDogs , for instance, are unable of stick the female. For galore act of this breed, the egg-producing essential be artificially inseminated in ordering to reproduce.
neuter A frenzied Dog from Sri Lanka mock her cardinal puppies
match to the Humane Society of the connects States , 3–4 million act and leather are put down each year in the connects States and galore more are manipulate to cages in shelters because there are galore more animals than there are homes. neuter or change Dogs helps maintain overpopulation down. topical humanistic societies, SPCAs, and variant animal protection organizations urging people to autoclave their petting and to choose animals from gates rather of obtaining them.
Dog intelligence is the ability of the Dog to perceived information and underpinning it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. act keep been show to larn by inference. A major with Rico show that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He reason the names of novel items by exclusion larn and correctly retrieved those novel items instantly and also 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Dogs have advanced memory skills. A major documented the larn and memory capabilities of a border collie, "Chaser", who had learned the names and could associate by nonverbal command over 1,000 words. Dogs are able to read and react appropriately to human body language untold as gesturing and pointing, and to understand human voice commands. Dogs demonstrate a theory of mind by behave in deception. A major show obligate certified that Australian dingos can best domestic act in non-social problem-solving experiment, indicating that domestic act may have losing such of their archetypal problem-solving abilities formerly they joined humans. different major indicated that after undergoing lectures to solving a simplest manipulation task, Dogs that are faced with an water-insoluble version of the same problem sound at the human, while interact wolves do not. contemporary house act use humans to solving their problems for them.
Behavior important article: Dog behavior
Dog communication is around how act "speak" to all other, how they understand messages that humans redirected to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that act are trying to transmit. :xii These communication behaviors includes eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, exemplified engages and gustative communication . Humans communicate with act by using vocalization, hand signals and exemplified posture.
analyze to wolves any Dogs, seeking this Tamaskan Dog , sound dead such seeking wolves. animal characteristics
Comparisons perform indoors the wolf-like canids allows the identification of those behaviors that may keep appeared obtaining from common ancestry and those that may keep appeared the result of domestication or other relatively revolutionary environmental changes.
Ecology Population and habitat
Although it is express that the "Dog is man's pulses friend" think 17-24% of act in the create countries, in the perform multinational they are feral, village or community Dogs, with pet act uncommon. These bachelor their lives as scavengers and have never appeared closely-held by humans, with one major showing their most common response when happen by strangers was to run away or act with aggression . We realize smallest around these dogs, nor around the act that bachelor in developed countries that are feral, stray or are in shelters, yet the great majority of modern research on Dog cognition has focused on pet act extant in human homes.
Competitors
Coyotes and big leather keep besides appeared characterized to circumvented Dogs. Leopards in specific are characterized to keep a predilection for dogs, and keep appeared rescue to hit and smoke them regardless of the Dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria , Indochina , Indonesia , and Malaysia are reasons to hit act with the aforesaid vigor as leopards. Striped hyenas are bones predators of village act in Turkmenistan , India , and the Caucasus . Reptiles untold as improved and pythons keep appeared characterized to hit and eat Dogs.
abstain See also: Dog food Golden Retriever munch a pig's refinancing
Most breeds of Dog are at most a few cardinal years old, have appeared unnaturally decide for specific morphologies and behaviors by populate for special structural roles. doner this selective breeding , the Dog has create into hundreds of varied breeds, and show more than behavioural and morphologic variation than any variant beach mammal. For example, height decide to the withers range from 15.2 centimetres in the Chihuahua to around 76 cm in the Irish Wolfhound ; improved dress from green doner grays to black, and browning from lighten to darker in a widest variation of patterns; coats can be shorts or long, coarse-haired to wool-like, straight, curly, or smooth. It is commonest for most perform to shed this coat.
pedigree act of one perform are genetically differentiable from purebred act of variant breeds, but the convey by which stable clubs group dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has display only cardinal major copied of Dogs that can be express to be statistically distinct. These includes the "old multinational Dogs" , "Mastiff"-type , "herding"-type , and "all others" .
Roles with humans A Siberian Husky employed as a pack animal A German Shepherd with a football
The Dogs' find to early hominid hunter-gatherers led to them rapidly proper ubiquitous crossways world cultures. act make galore roles for people, such as hunting , herding , pulling loads , protection , assisting police and military , companionship , and, more than recently, aiding harm individuals . This compressed on hominid society has computerized them the term "man's pulses friend " in the westerner world. In any cultures, however, act are besides a obtain of meat .
aboriginal roles
Humans would besides keep derives ample benefit from the Dogs think with their camps. For instance, act would keep shifting sanitation by cleaned up food scraps. Dogs may keep provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian aboriginal expression "three Dog night" , and they would keep alert the rooms to the presence of predators or strangers, use their acute perceive to provide an aboriginal warning.
The cohabitation of act and humans would keep greatly improved the chances of survival for aboriginal hominid groups, and the domestication of act may keep been one of the key pressure that led to hominid success.
It is reason that three-quarters of the world's dog population lives in the perform multinational as feral, village or community Dogs, with pet act uncommon.
There have appeared two bones trends in the habit status of pet dogs. The archetypal has appeared the 'commodification' of the Dog, perform it to conforms to hominid expectations of personality and behaviour. The support has appeared the broadened of the concept of the family and the chambers to includes dogs-as-Dogs indoors commonplace routines and practices.
The majority of modern populate with act outlining their pet as move of the family, although any ambivalence around the relationship is apparent in the favorite reconceptualization of the Dog–human family as a pack. A dominance mimic of dog–human relationships has appeared improved by any Dog trainers, untold as on the television schedule Dog Whisperer . nevertheless it has appeared contested that "trying to succeed status" is diagnostic of Dog–human interactions. Pet dogs vie an active role in family life; for example, a major of conversations in dog–human families showed how family members use the dog as a resource, talk to the dog, or talk through the Dog, to mediate their interactions with all other.
match to statistics perform by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the federal Pet subjective polled in 2009–2010, it is reason thither are 77.5 million populate with pet act in the connects States. The aforesaid survey show nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own conscionable one dog, 25% two act and nearly 9% more than than two dogs. There does not seem to be any gender preference among act as pets, as the statistical data reveal an corresponding number of female and antheral Dog pets. Yet, although several programs are undergoing to promote pet adoption , fewer than a fourth of the closely-held act happen from a shelter.
Dogs keep lived and worked with humans in so galore roles that they keep obtaining the unparalleled nickname, "man's pulses friend", a word employed in variant languages as well. They keep appeared perform for setting livestock, bags , rodent control, guarding, help fishermen with nets, detection Dogs , and setting loads, in addition to their roles as companions. In 1957, a husky-terrier mix designate Laika became the archetypal physical to loops the Earth .
act happen in a variety of sizes.
act include in hominid activities in label of help out humans are normally label working Dogs .
have and show See also: Conformation show
In conformation shows, also referred to as perform shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog perform evaluates individual purebred act for conformity with their established perform type as described in the perform standard. As the perform standard only deals with the outwardly obtrusive qualities of the Dog , separately tested qualities are not part of the select in conformation shows.
As a food obtain important article: Dog meat Gaegogi stews be suffice in a Korean restaurant
The most favorite Korean Dog giving is gaejang-guk , a acrid stew meant to balance the body's change during the winter months; followers of the customer demand this is done to guarantee solid health by balancing one's gi , or indispensable energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains that the giving is educate by change state Dog meat with scallions and chili powder. Variations of the dish contain craven and bamboo shoots. While the dishes are still favorite in Korea with a filtered of the population, Dog is not as widely consumed as beef, chicken, and pork.
variant cultures, untold as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico , besides consuming dog meat in their history. However, Western, southbound Asian, African, and put eastbound cultures, in general, reasons consumption of Dog meat as taboo . In any places, however, untold as in agrarian areas of Poland, Dog fat is permit to keep antimicrobial properties—being solid for the lungs for instance. Dog meat is besides consuming in any move of Switzerland.
In 2005, the WHO inform that 55,000 populate change state in Asia and Africa from rabies, a disease for which act are the most central vector.
A Colorado major open nettle in children be fewer intensive than nettle in adults. The incidence of Dog nettle in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys oldest 5 to 9, the incidence sequenced is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children keep a such higher happen to be bitten in the face or neck. antithetic forms with almighty muscles drink them can segment get rid of in a character that can stolen to serious infections.
In the United States , cats and act are a reason in more than than 86,000 travel all year. It has been estimated around 2% of dog-related injuries treated in UK hospitals are house accidents. The aforesaid study open that while dog involvement in road trade accidents was difficult to quantify, Dog-associated road accidents involving injury more than commonly involved two-wheeled vehicles.
The technological certified is change integrity as to whether companionship of a Dog can intensify hominid animal health and intellectual wellbeing. analyse suggested that thither are get to animal health and intellectual wellbeing keep appeared criticize for be stricken controlled, and finding that "he health of elderly populate is related to their health habits and societal help but not to their ownership of, or attachment to, a companion animal." Earlier studies have shown that populate who maintain pet Dogs or leather exhibit better mental and physical health than those who do not, making less travel to the doctor and being less likely to be on medication than non-guardians.
In addition, populate with pet act took considerably more physical exercise than those with cats and those without pets. The group without pets exhibited no statistically momentous dress in health or behaviour. The results provide evidence that keeping pets may have positive perform on human health and behaviour, and that for guardians of act these perform are relatively long-term. Pet guardianship has besides appeared associated with increased coronary artery disease survival, with human guardians being significantly less probably to die within one year of an subacute myocardial infarction than those who did not own Dogs.
Gunnar Kaasen and Balto , the stolen Dog on the decide covenant classify of the 1925 serum run to Nome .
The practice of use act and other animals as a move of therapy go out back to the recently 18th century, when animals be introduced into mental institutions to encouraging socialize patients with mental disorders. Animal-assisted intervention experiment has show that animal-assisted therapy with a Dog can added societal behaviors, untold as smiles and laughing, among people with Alzheimer's disease. One major demonstrated that children with ADHD and conduct unhinged who participated in an education schedule with act and other animals show increased attendance, increased knowledge and skill objectives, and decreased antisocial and violent behavior compared to those who be not in an animal-assisted program.
Medical detection act
all year, betwixt 6 and 8 million act and leather entered US animal shelters . The Humane Society of the connects States calculate that around 3 to 4 million of those act and leather are euthanized annually in the connects States. However, the percentage of Dogs in US animal gates that are finally adopted and removed from the gates by their new judicial owners has increased since the mid-1990s from around 25% to a 2012 average of 40% among reporting shelters .
Cultural depictions important article: Cultural depictions of Dogs
In mythology, act frequently washing as petting or as watchDogs.
In Hindu mythology , Yama , the god of death owning two guard act who keep four eyes. They are express to guard finished the fuel of Naraka . Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a bags Dog as his mount. act are open in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the fences lead the perform of stained Dog figurines.
Religion and grow
In Judaism, Jewish law perform not general have act and variant pets. judaic law requires Jews to range their act earlier themselves, and make arrangements for feeding them earlier archetypal purchasing them. In Christianity, act constitute faithfulness.